- Inspection Method and Tools: Visual observation, thermometer.Conventional thermometer and infrared thermometer. The normal rectal temperature of pigs is 38-39.3°C. There are slight differences in temperature among pigs of different ages; nursery pigs are generally 39.0°C. The normal body temperature of pigs in the evening is generally 0.5°C higher than in the morning.
- Inspection Content: Pig's hair coat, lethargy, feeding status, excreta (feces, urine), respiratory symptoms, gait, moistness of snout/lips.Observe Hair Coat: Healthy pigs have smooth, glossy skin with elasticity. Rough, dry, lackluster hair indicates malnutrition or sickness. Healthy pig skin is clean, the hair coat is shiny, and the skin is elastic. Swelling, ulcers, nodules, multiple areas of erythema (redness), especially pinpoint hemorrhages that do not fade under pressure indicate sickness.Observe Appetite: Healthy pigs have a strong appetite. A sudden decrease in appetite, abnormal eating habits, or cessation of eating are signs of illness. Reduced appetite combined with increased water consumption often indicates a febrile disease.Observe Eyes: Healthy pigs have bright, alert eyes. Sick pigs have dull eyes, may have tears or discharge, and conjunctival congestion/redness.Observe Nasal Discharge: Healthy pigs have no nasal discharge. A runny nose with clear discharge often indicates wind-cold (common cold). Thick, sticky nasal discharge suggests lung heat. Nasal discharge containing foam indicates pulmonary edema or chronic bronchitis.Observe the Snout: A clean, bright, moist snout indicates a healthy pig. A dry or cracked snout often indicates high fever or severe dehydration.Observe Feces: Healthy pig feces are soft, moist, conical, and without a strong odor. Dry, hard, scant feces often indicate febrile diseases. Watery, muddy feces, significantly increased frequency of defecation, or fecal incontinence often indicate enteritis or intestinal parasite infection. Piglets passing grayish-white, grayish-yellow, or yellowish-green watery feces with a foul odor indicates white scours.Observe Urine: Healthy pig urine is colorless, clear, and without abnormal odor. Urine from sick pigs is often scanty, dark yellow, and concentrated.Observe Sleeping Posture: Healthy pigs generally sleep on their side with relaxed muscles and even breathing. Sick pigs often lie flat on the ground, exhausted and lying prone. If experiencing respiratory difficulty, they may sit like a dog.Listen to Vocalizations: Healthy pigs make clear, crisp sounds. Sick pigs make hoarse or distressed cries.Measure Temperature: The normal body temperature of healthy pigs is generally 38-39.3°C. Abnormally high temperature often indicates infectious disease. Abnormally low temperature may indicate malnutrition, anemia, parasitic disease, or the terminal stage.
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